Technology: 2013

lunes, 9 de diciembre de 2013

Presentation

Yanesi

Martinez

Technology

12th

Dec. 10, 2013

Terminology of PHP

PHP is a server scripting language, and is a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages quickly.

PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
echo "My first PHP script!";
?>

</body>
</html>

HTML, CSS, PHP

HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the main markup language for creating web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser. HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like <html>), within the web page content. HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1>and </h1>, although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example <img>.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a markup language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but the language can also be applied to any kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content (written in HTML or a similar markup language) from document presentation, including elements such as the layout,colors, and fonts.

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. PHP is now installed on more than 244 million websitesand 2.1 million web servers.PHP code is interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the resulting web page: PHP commands can be embedded directly into an HTML source document rather than calling an external file to process data.

Definition

The program has an executable form that the computer can use directly to execute the instructions. A computer requires programs to function, typically executing the program's instructions in a central processor. It´s a sequence of instructions, written to perform a specified task with a computer

Types of Programs

-Development programs - programs that allow you to create (write) other programs using variousprogramming languages

- System software - programs that manage computer resources (hardware) to enable to user to run other programs.

- Business applications - applications that are used in business, from cash registers over the calculation of salaries to the program for the stock exchange operations

- Graphics programs - programs that turn your computer into a tool for drawing, architectural design, video editing

(the use of computer in the TV stations)

- Applications for audio processing - various programs that allow composing on the computer and audio processing

- Programs in the field of entertainment - computer games

- Research programs - programs to solve problems in mathematics, physics, mechanics, etc.

- Programs for computer networks - applications for network design and operation of computers that are connected to each other in the network, starting from the local network where are connected by two or more computers to the global network which is used every form of connection and communication between computers (fixed or mobile telephony, satellite communications, optical fiber cables, etc.)

- Programs to design and manage databases - typically are defined as business applications, and are used to collect and process vast amounts of variety of information.

- Programs to control and manage a variety of machines - robots, processing machines in production in factories, in medicine, etc.

Photos

Programmer

A programmer, computer programmer, developer, coder, or software engineer is a person who writes computer software. The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software. One who practices or professes a formal approach to programming may also be known as a programmer analyst. A programmer's primary computer language is often prefixed to the above titles, and those who work in a web environment often prefix their titles with Web. The term programmer can be used to refer to a software developer, Web developer, mobile applications developer, embedded firmware developer, software engineer,computer scientist, or software analyst.

Ada Lovelace

(10 December 1815 – 27 November 1852) was an English mathematician and writer chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine. Throughout her life, Ada was strongly interested in scientific developments and fads of the day, including phrenology and mesmerism. Even after her famous work with Babbage, Ada continued to work on other projects. In 1844, she commented to a friend Woronzow Greig about her desire to create a mathematical model for how the brain gives rise to thoughts and nerves to feelings ("a calculus of the nervous system").

Charles Babbage

(26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was a mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, who is best remembered now for originating the concept of a programmable computer. Babbage is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer that eventually led to more complex designs. His varied work in other fields has led him to be described as "pre-eminent" among the many polymaths of his century.

Software

Definition

The term is used to contrast with computer hardware, the physical objects (processor and related devices) that carry out the instructions.Software is any set of machine-readable instructions that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations. Software is a general term. It can refer to all computer instructions in general, or to any specific set of computer instructions.

Types of Softwares

System software is computer software designed to operate the computer hardware, to provide basic functionality, and to provide a platform for running application software.
Application software and scripts were historically defined as all the software that uses the computer system to perform useful work (or entertainment functions) beyond the basic operation of the computer itself.
Plugins and extensions are software that extends or modifies the functionality of another piece of software, and require that software be used in order to function;
Embedded software resides as firmware within embedded systems, devices dedicated to a single use or a few uses such as cars and televisions.
Microcode is a special, relatively obscure type of embedded software which tells the processor itself how to execute machine code, so it is actually a lower level than machine code.

Photos

Hardware

Definitions

Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system. Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive disk (HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc. all of which are physical objects that can be touched. In contrast, software is instructions that can be stored and run by hardware.

Types

Monitor: is a free open source software that monitors temperature sensors, fan speeds, voltages, load and clock speeds of a computer.
Motherboard: is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable systems.
CPU(Central Processing Units): is the hardware within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system.
RAM(Random Acess Memory): is a form of computer data storage. A random-access device allows stored data to be accessed directly in any random order.
Expansion Cards: is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector, or expansion sloton a computer motherboard, backplane or riser card to add functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus.
Power Supply: is a device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. The term is most commonly applied to electric power converters that convert one form of electrical energy to another, though it may also refer to devices that convert another form of energy (mechanical, chemical, solar) to electrical energy.
Optical Disk Drive: is a disk drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves within or near the visible light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs.
Hard Disk Drive: is a data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information using rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material.
Keyboard: is a typewriter-style device, which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys, to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches.
Mouse: is a pointing device that functions by detecting two-dimensionalmotion relative to its supporting surface.
Speakers: are speakers external to a computer, that disable the lower fidelity built-in speaker.
Printer: is a peripheral which makes a representation of an electronic document on physical media.
Scanner: is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting, or an object, and converts it to a digital image.

Photos

domingo, 8 de diciembre de 2013

Operative System

The operating system is an essential component of the system software in a computer system. Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

History

In the 1940s, the earliest electronic digital systems had no operating systems. In the early 1950s, a computer could execute only one program at a time. Early computers were built to perform a series of single tasks, like a calculator. Basic operating system features were developed in the 1950s, such as resident monitor functions that could automatically run different programs in succession to speed up processing. Operating systems did not exist in their modern and more complex forms until the early 1960s.

Types

· Single-user, single task - As the name implies, this operating system is designed to manage the computer so that one user can effectively do one thing at a time. The Palm OS for Palm handheld computers is a good example of a modern single-user, single-task operating system.

· Single-user, multi-tasking - This is the type of operating system most people use on their desktop and laptop computers today. Microsoft's Windows and Apple's MacOS platforms are both examples of operating systems that will let a single user have several programs in operation at the same time.

· Multi-user - A multi-user operating system allows many different users to take advantage of the computer's resources simultaneously. The operating system must make sure that the requirements of the various users are balanced, and that each of the programs they are using has sufficient and separate resources so that a problem with one user doesn't affect the entire community of users.

Famous OS

Operates a smartphone, tablet, PDA, or other digital mobile device.Includes a touchscreen, cellular, Bluetooth, WiFi, GPS mobile navigation, camera, video camera, speech recognition, voice recorder, music player, Near field communication and Infrared Blaster.

Photos

Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting is a form of problem solving, often applied to repair failed products or processes. It is a logical, systematic search for the source of a problem so that it can be solved, and so the product or process can be made operational again. Troubleshooting is needed to develop and maintain complex systems where the symptoms of a problem can have many possible causes. Troubleshooting is used in many fields such as engineering, system administration, electronics, automotive repair, and diagnostic medicine.

Tractable and Intractable

5 common computer problem:

1. blue screen of death (3soD)

2.missing DLL file

3.Application that wont install

4.application runs slowly

5. abnormal application behavior

Android

Android is an operating system based on the Linux kernel, and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.Android is open source and Google releases the source code under the Apache License.This open-source code and permissive licensing allows the software to be freely modified and distributed by device manufacturers, wireless carriers and enthusiast developers.Android allows users to customize their home screens with shortcuts to applications and widgets, which allow users to display live content, such as emails and weather information, directly on the home screen. Applications can further send notifications to the user to inform them of relevant information, such as new emails and text messages.

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is technology and a branch of computer science that studies and develops intelligent machines and software.The central problems (or goals) of AI research include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence (or "strong AI") is still among the field's long term goals. AI research is also divided by several technical issues. Some subfields focus on the solution of specific problems. Others focus on one of several possible approaches or on the use of a particular tool or towards the accomplishment of particular applications.

Robotics

Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots,as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing.The mathematical expression of a biological system may give rise to control algorithms for example, or by observing how a process is handled by nature, for example the bifocal vision system, an analogous system may be formed using electronics.

Robotics is a rapidly growing field, as technological advances continue, research, design, and building new robots serve various practical purposes, whether domestically, commercially, or militarily. The study of biological systems often plays a key role in the Systems engineering of a project and also forms the field of Bionics.

miércoles, 4 de septiembre de 2013

Industrial Revolution

This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power and the development of machine tools. It also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal. It began in Great Britain and within a few decades had spread to Western Europe and the United States.

martes, 3 de septiembre de 2013

Technology

Defenition

Technology is the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, and methods of organization, in order to solve a problem. The human species use of technology began with the conversion of natural resources into simple tools.

History:

Paleolithic

It extends from the earliest known use of stone tools. During the Paleolithic, humans grouped together in small societies such as bands, and subsisted by gathering plants and fishing, hunting or scavenging wild animals. The Paleolithic is characterized by the use of knapped stone tools, although at the time humans also used woods and bone tools.

Stone tools

Stone tool-dependent societies and cultures still exist today, most stone tools are associated with prehistoric, particularly Stone-Age cultures that have become extinct.Stone has been used to make a wide variety of different tools throughout history, including arrow heads, spearpoints and querns. Stone tools may be made of either ground stone or chipped stone, and a person who creates tools out of the latter is known as a flintknapper.

Fire

The discovery and utilization of fire, a simple energy source with many profound uses, was a turning point in the technological evolution of humankind. Fire, fueled with wood and charcoal, allowed early humans to cook their food to increase its digestibility, improving its nutrient value and broadening the number of foods that could be eaten.

Clothing and shelter

Dwellings became more sophisticated and more elaborate; as early as 380,000 BC, humans were constructing temporary wood huts.Clothing, adapted from the fur and hides of hunted animals, helped humanity expand into colder regions.

Medieval technology examples

The Industrial Revolution was a period of great technological discovery, particularly in the areas of agriculture, manufacturing, mining, metallurgy and transport, driven by the discovery of steam power.The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a revolution in transportation with the invention of the steam-powered ship, train, airplane, and automobile.

Renaissance Technology

The era is marked by profound technical advancements such as the printing press, linear perspective in drawing, patent law, double shell domes and Bastion fortresses. Sketchbooks from artisans of the period (Taccola and Leonardo da Vinci for example) give a deep insight into the mechanical technology then known and applied.